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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026
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Geography is more than just maps; it is the "Description of the Earth." For any competitive exam aspirant, understanding Indian Geography (भारत का भूगोल) is the foundation of General Studies. These notes simplify complex spatial data into easy-to-remember points, focusing on India's global position and physical identity.
India has been known by several names throughout history, each reflecting a different cultural era:
India is located in the Northern-Eastern Hemisphere. It has a unique Quadrilateral (चतुष्कोणीय) shape that defines its vast borders.
| Feature | Measurement |
|---|---|
| North to South Distance | $3,214$ km |
| East to West Distance | $2,933$ km |
| Latitudinal Extent | $8^{\circ}4'$ N to $37^{\circ}6'$ N |
| Longitudinal Extent | $68^{\circ}7'$ E to $97^{\circ}25'$ E |
Two major imaginary lines define India's time and climate. The Indian Standard Time (IST) is calculated from $82^{\circ}30'$ E, passing through Mirzapur.
Passing through the middle of India ($23\frac{1}{2}^{\circ}$ N), it crosses 8 states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
India shares its land border with 7 countries. The total land boundary is approximately $15,106.7$ km.
Download the complete, high-quality Indian Geography Handwritten Notes PDF. These notes include detailed maps, 7 sisters info, and coastal state data.
Download PDF NowFile Type: PDF | Topic: Indian Geography for UPSC, SSC, and State Exams
A: Gujarat has the longest coastline in India, followed by Andhra Pradesh.
A: It is the standard meridian of India used to determine the Indian Standard Time (IST).
A: It passes through the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh (near Prayagraj).
Expand your knowledge with these related chapters available on our platform:
Indian Geography Handwritten Notes Bharat ka Bhoogol UPSC Study Material Geography PDF
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